※Gyroplane / ジャイロプレーン省略済
SECTION 1
PRIVATE PILOT
ROTORCRAFT – HELICOPTER
Practical Test Standards
CONTENTS: SECTION 1
RATING TASKS TABLE ................................................................................................................................ 1-iii
TASK VS. SIMULATION DEVICE CREDIT .................................................................................................... 1-v
FLIGHT SIMULATION DEVICE LEVELS ....................................................................................................... 1-vii
CHECKLISTS:
Applicant’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) ................................................................................... 1-xi
Examiner’s Practical Test Checklist (Helicopter) ................................................................................... 1-xiii
1-iii
1-v
1-vii
1-ixAPPLICANT’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 1-xi
(HELICOPTER)
APPOINTMENT WITH EXAMINER:
EXAMINER’S NAME _______________________________
LOCATION _______________________________________
DATE/TIME _______________________________________
ACCEPTABLE AIRCRAFT
Aircraft Documents:
Airworthiness Certificate
Registration Certificate
Operating Limitations
Aircraft Maintenance Records:
Logbook Record of Airworthiness Inspections and AD Compliance
Pilot’s Operating Handbook and FAA-Approved Helicopter Flight Manual
FCC Station License
PERSONAL EQUIPMENT
Current Aeronautical Charts
Computer and Plotter
Flight Plan Form
Flight Logs
Current AIM, Airport Facility Directory, and Appropriate Publications
PERSONAL RECORDS
Identification—Photo/Signature ID
Pilot Certificate
Current and Appropriate Medical Certificate
Completed FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application with Instructor’s Signature (if
applicable)
AC Form 8080-2, Airman Written Test Report or Computer Test Report
Pilot Logbook with Appropriate Instructor Endorsements
FAA Form 8060-5, Notice of Disapproval (if applicable)
Approved School Graduation Certificate (if applicable)
Examiner’s Fee (if applicable)
EXAMINER’S PRACTICAL TEST CHECKLIST 1-xiii
(HELICOPTER)
APPLICANT’S NAME ______________________________
LOCATION _______________________________________
DATE/TIME _______________________________________
I. PREFLIGHT PREPARATION
A. CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS
B. AIRWORTHINESS REQUIRMENTS
C. WEATHER INFORMATION
D. CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING
E. NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM
F. PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
G. OPERATION OF SYSTEMS
H. AEROMEDICAL FACTORS
II. PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
B. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT
C. ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT
D. BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK
III. AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS
A. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
B. TRAFFIC PATTERNS
C. AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING
IV. HOVERING MANEUVERS
A. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING
B. SLOPE OPERATIONS
C. SURFACE TAXI
D. HOVER TAXI
E. AIR TAXI
V. TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS
A. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
B. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH
C. MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
D. STEEP APPROACH
E. ROLLING TAKEOFF
F. CONFINED AREA OPERATIONS
G. PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS
H. SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING ROLL-ON LANDING
I. GO-AROUND
VI. PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS
A. RAPID DECELERATION
B. STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION
C. 180° AUTOROTATION
VII. NAVIGATION
A. PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING
B. RADIO NAVIGATION AND RADAR SERVICES
C. DIVERSION
D. LOST PROCEDURES
VIII. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
A. POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER
B. POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE
C. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS
D. SETTLING-WITH-POWER
E. LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY
F. ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE
G. DYNAMIC ROLLOVER
H. GROUND RESONANCE
I. LOW G CONDITIONS
J. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR
IX. NIGHT OPERATION
A. NIGHT PREPARATION
X. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING
I. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION
NOTE: The examiner shall develop a scenario based on real time weather to evaluate TASKs C, D, E, and F.
A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS
REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 43, 61, 67, 91; FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by:
1. Explaining—
a. private pilot certificate privileges, limitations, and recent flight experience requirements.
b. medical certificate class and duration.
c. pilot logbook or flight records.
2. Locating and explaining—
a. airworthiness and registration certificates.
b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, and POH/RFM.
c. weight and balance data and equipment list.
B. TASK: AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airworthiness requirements by:
1. Explaining—
a. required instruments and equipment for day/night VFR.
b. procedures and limitations for determining airworthiness of the helicopter with inoperative instruments and equipment with and without an MEL.
c. requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.
2. Locating and explaining—
a. airworthiness directives.
b. compliance records.
c. maintenance/inspection requirements.
d. appropriate record keeping.
C. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-84; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to weather information by analyzing weather reports, charts, and forecasts from various sources with emphasis on—
a. METAR, TAF, and FA.
b. surface analysis chart.
c. radar summary chart.
d. winds and temperature aloft chart.
e. significant weather prognostic charts.
f. AWOS, ASOS, and ATIS reports.
2. Makes a competent “go/no-go” decision based on available weather information.
D. TASK: CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT PLANNING
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation Charts; Airport/Facility Directory; FDC NOTAMs; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cross-country flight planning by presenting and explaining a pre-planned VFR crosscountry flight, as previously assigned by the examiner. On the day of the practical test, the final flight plan shall be to the first fuel stop, based on maximum allowable passengers, baggage, and/or cargo loads using real-time weather.
2. Uses appropriate and current aeronautical charts.
3. Properly identifies airspace, obstructions, and terrain features, including discussion of wire strike avoidance techniques.
4. Selects easily identifiable en route checkpoints.
5. Selects the most favorable altitudes, considering weather conditions and equipment capabilities.
6. Computes headings, flight time, and fuel requirements.
7. Selects appropriate navigation systems/facilities and communication frequencies.
8. Applies pertinent information from FDC NOTAMs, AFD, and other flight publications.
9. Completes a navigation log and simulates filing a VFR flight plan.
E. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM
REFERENCES: 14 CFR parts 71, 91; Navigation Charts; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the National Airspace System by explaining:
1. Basic VFR Weather Minimums—for all classes of airspace.
2. Airspace classes—their operating rules, pilot certification, and helicopter equipment requirements for the following—
a. Class A.
b. Class B.
c. Class C.
d. Class D.
e. Class E.
f. Class G.
3. Special use airspace and other airspace areas.
F. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-1, FAA-H-8083-21; AC 61-84, AC 90-95; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance and the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.
2. Computes weight and balance. Determines the computed weight and center of gravity is within the helicopter’s operating limitations and if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during all phases of flight.
3. Demonstrates the use of appropriate performance charts, tables, and data.
4. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the helicopter’s performance.
5. Understands the cause and effects of retreating blade stall.
6. Considers circumstances when operating within “avoid areas” of the height/velocity diagram.
7. Is aware of situations that lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness (unanticipated yaw).
. AFTER LANDING AND SECURING
G. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems on the helicopter provided for the flight test by explaining at least three (3) of the following systems:
1. Primary flight controls, trim, and, if installed, stability control.
2. Powerplant.
3. Main rotor and antitorque.
4. Landing gear, brakes, steering, skids, or floats, as applicable.
5. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic.
6. Electrical.
7. Pitot-static, vacuum/pressure, and associated flight instruments, if applicable.
8. Environmental.
9. Anti-icing, including carburetor heat, if applicable.
10. Avionics equipment.
H. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by explaining:
1. The symptoms, causes, effects, and corrective actions of at least three (3) of the following—
a. hypoxia.
b. hyperventilation.
c. middle ear and sinus problems.
d. spatial disorientation.
e. motion sickness.
f. carbon monoxide poisoning.
g. stress and fatigue.
h. dehydration.
2. The effects of alcohol, drugs, and over-the-counter drugs.
3. The effects of excesses nitrogen during scuba dives upon a pilot or passenger in flight.
II. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking each item, and how to detect possible defects.
2. Inspects the helicopter with reference to an appropriate checklist.
3. Verifies the helicopter is in condition for safe flight.
B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related cockpit management procedures.
2. Ensures all loose items in the cockpit and cabin are secured.
3. Organizes material and equipment in an efficient manner so they are readily available.
4. Briefs the occupants on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, doors, rotor blade avoidance, and emergency procedures.
C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING AND ROTOR ENGAGEMENT
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 91-13, AC 91-42, AC 91-55; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to correct engine starting procedures. This shall include the use of an external power source, starting under various atmospheric conditions.
2. Positions the helicopter properly considering structures, surface conditions, other aircraft, and the safety of nearby persons and property.
3. Utilizes the appropriate checklist for starting procedure.
D. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect malfunctions.
2. Positions the helicopter properly considering other aircraft, wind, and surface conditions.
3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit.
4. Ensures that the engine temperature and pressure are suitable for run-up and takeoff.
5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and ensures that the helicopter is in safe operating condition.
6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances departure, and emergency procedures.
7. Avoids runway incursions and/or ensures no conflict with traffic prior to takeoff.
III. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT AND HELIPORT OPERATIONS
A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS
REFERENCE: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio communications and ATC light signals.
2. Selects appropriate frequencies.
3. Transmits using recommended phraseology.
4. Acknowledges radio communications and compiles with instructions.
B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS
REFERENCES: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns. This shall include procedures at airports and heliports with and without operating control towers, prevention of runway incursions, collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.
2. Complies with proper traffic pattern procedures.
3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic or avoids the flow of fixed wing aircraft.
4. Corrects for wind drift to maintain proper ground track.
5. Maintains orientation with runway/landing area in use.
6. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet and the appropriate airspeed, ±10 knots.
C. TASK: AIRPORT/HELIPORT RUNWAY, HELIPAD, AND TAXIWAY SIGNS, MARKINGS, AND LIGHTING.
REFERENCE: 14 CFR part 91; FAA-H-8083-25; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to airport/heliport runway, and taxiway operations with emphasis on runway incursion avoidance.
2. Properly identifies and interprets airport/heliport, runway, and taxiway signs, markings, and lighting.
IV. AREA OF OPERATION: HOVERING MANEUVERS
A. TASK: VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a vertical takeoff to a hover and landing from a hover.
2. Ascends to and maintains recommended hovering altitude, and descends from recommended hovering altitude in headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Establishes recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface; if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
5. Avoids conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
6. Maintains position within 4 feet of a designated point, with no aft movement.
7. Descends vertically to within 4 feet of the designated touchdown point.
8. Maintains specified heading, ±10°.
B. TASK: SLOPE OPERATIONS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to slope operations.
2. Selects a suitable slope, approach, and direction considering wind effect, obstacles, dynamic rollover avoidance, and discharging passengers.
3. Properly moves toward the slope.
4. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
5. Makes a smooth positive descent to touch the upslope skid on the sloping surface.
6. Maintains positive control while lowering the downslope skid or landing gear to touchdown.
7. Recognizes if slope is too steep and abandons the operation prior to reaching cyclic control stops.
8. Makes a smooth transition from the slope to a stabilized hover parallel to the slope.
9. Properly moves away from the slope.
10. Maintains the specified heading throughout the operation, ±10°.
C. TASK: SURFACE TAXI
NOTE: This TASK applies to only helicopters equipped with wheel-type landing gear.
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to surface taxiing.
2. Surface taxies the helicopter from one point to another under headwind, crosswind, and tailwind conditions, with the landing gear in contact with the surface, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
3. Properly uses cyclic, collective, and brakes to control speed while taxiing.
4. Properly positions nosewheel/tailwheel, if applicable, locked or unlocked.
5. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
6. Maintains appropriate speed for existing conditions.
7. Stops helicopter within 4 feet of a specified point.
8. Maintains specified track within ±4 feet.
D. TASK: HOVER TAXI
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to hover taxiing.
2. Hover taxies over specified ground references, demonstrating forward, sideward, and rearward hovering and hovering turns.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Maintains specified ground track within ±4 feet of a designated reference on straight legs.
5. Maintains constant rate of turn at pivot points.
6. Maintains position within 4 feet of each pivot point during turns.
7. Makes a 360° pivoting turn, left and right, stopping within 10° of a specified heading.
8. Maintains recommended hovering altitude, ±1/2 of that altitude within 10 feet of the surface, if above 10 feet, ±5 feet.
E. TASK: AIR TAXI
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AC 90-95; AIM; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to air taxiing.
2. Air taxies the helicopter from one point to another under headwind and crosswind conditions.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Selects a safe airspeed and altitude.
5. Maintains desired track and groundspeed in headwind and crosswind conditions, avoiding conditions that might lead to loss of tail rotor/antitorque effectiveness.
6. Maintains a specified altitude, ±10 feet.
V. AREA OF OPERATION: TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS
NOTE: The examiner shall select task A, B, C, D, E, and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind takeoff and climb shall be demonstrated.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind takeoff and climb, including factors affecting performance, to include height/velocity information.
2. Establishes a stationary position on the surface or a stabilized hover, prior to takeoff in headwind and crosswind conditions.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Accelerates to manufacturer’s recommended climb airspeed, ±10 knots.
5. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
NOTE: If a calm wind weather condition exists, the applicant’s knowledge of the crosswind elements shall be evaluated through oral testing; otherwise a crosswind approach and landing shall be demonstrated.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to normal and crosswind approach.
2. Considers performance data, to include height/velocity information.
3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.
4. Selects a suitable touchdown point.
5. Establishes and maintains the normal approach angle, and proper rate of closure.
6. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
7. Avoids situations that may result in settling-with-power.
8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
9. Arrives over the touchdown point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
10. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
C. TASK: MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a maximum performance takeoff and climb.
2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include height/velocity information.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Utilizes proper control technique to initiate takeoff and forward climb airspeed attitude.
5. Utilizes the maximum available takeoff power.
6. After clearing all obstacles, transitions to normal climb attitude, airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting.
7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
D. TASK: STEEP APPROACH
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a steep approach.
2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and factors related to a steep approach, to include height/velocity information.
3. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstacles.
4. Selects a suitable termination point.
5. Establishes and maintains a steep approach angle, (15° maximum) and proper rate of closure.
6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power.
7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
9. Arrives at the termination point, on the surface or at a stabilized hover, ±4 feet.
E. TASK: ROLLING TAKEOFF
NOTE: This TASK applies only to helicopters equipped with wheel-type landing gear.
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a rolling takeoff.
2. Considers situations where this maneuver is recommended and factors related to takeoff and climb performance, to include height/velocity information.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Utilizes proper preparatory technique prior to initiating takeoff.
5. Initiates forward accelerating movement on the surface.
6. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, ±10 knots, and power setting. 7. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
8. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
F. TASK: CONFINED AREA OPERATION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to confined area operations.
2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance.
3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
5. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
6. Avoids situations that can result in settling-with-power.
7. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow.
8. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance.
9. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
G. TASK: PINNACLE/PLATFORM OPERATIONS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pinnacle/platform operations.
2. Accomplishes a proper high and low reconnaissance.
3. Selects a suitable approach path, termination point, and departure path.
4. Tracks the selected approach path at an acceptable approach angle and rate of closure to the termination point.
5. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
6. Terminates at a hover or on the surface, as conditions allow.
7. Accomplishes a proper ground reconnaissance.
8. Selects a suitable takeoff point, considers factors affecting takeoff and climb performance under various conditions.
H. TASK: SHALLOW APPROACH AND RUNNING/ROLL-ON LANDING
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to shallow approach and running/roll-on landing, including the purpose of the maneuver, factors affecting performance data, to include height/velocity information, and effect of landing surface texture.
2. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
3. Considers obstacles and other hazards.
4. Establishes and maintains the recommended approach angle, and proper rate of closure.
5. Remains aware of the possibility of wind shear and/or wake turbulence.
6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
7. Maintains a speed that will take advantage of effective translational lift during surface contact with landing gear parallel with the ground track.
8. Utilizes proper flight control technique after surface contact.
9. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
I. TASK: GO-AROUND
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around and when it is necessary.
2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.
3. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
4. Establishes proper control input to stop descent and initiate climb.
5. Retracts the landing gear, if applicable, after a positive rate-ofclimb indication.
6. Maintains proper ground track with crosswind correction, if necessary.
7. Transitions to a normal climb airspeed, 10 knots.
8. Completes the prescribed checklist, if applicable.
VI. AREA OF OPERATION: PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS
NOTE: The examiner shall select TASK A and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: RAPID DECELERATION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to rapid deceleration.
2. Maintains RPM within normal limits.
3. Properly coordinates all controls throughout the execution of the maneuver.
4. Maintains an altitude that will permit safe clearance between the tail boom and the surface.
5. Decelerates and terminates in a stationary hover at the recommended hovering altitude.
6. Maintains heading throughout the maneuver, ±10°.
B. TASK: STRAIGHT IN AUTOROTATION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a straight in autorotation terminating with a power recovery to a hover.
2. Selects a suitable touchdown area.
3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point.
4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.
5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.
6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a hover.
8. Comes to a hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
C. TASK: 180° AUTOROTATION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a 180° autorotation
terminating with a power recovery to a hover.
2. Selects a suitable touchdown area.
3. Initiates the maneuver at the proper point.
4. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.
5. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.
6. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
7. Utilizes proper deceleration, collective pitch application to a hover.
8. Comes to a hover within 200 feet of a designated point.
VII. AREA OF OPERATION: NAVIGATION
A. TASK: PILOTAGE AND DEAD RECKONING
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to pilotage and dead reckoning.
2. Follows the preplanned course by reference to landmarks.
3. Identifies landmarks by relating the surface features to chart symbols.
4. Navigates by means of precomputed headings, groundspeeds, and elapsed time.
5. Corrects for, and records, the differences between preflight fuel, groundspeed, and heading calculations and those determined en route.
6. Verifies the helicopter’s position within three (3) nautical miles of the flight planned route.
7. Arrives at the en route checkpoints within five (5) minutes of the initial or revised ETA and provides a destination estimate.
8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established heading, ±15°.
B. TASK: NAVIGATION SYSTEMS AND RADAR SERVICES
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-25; AC 61-84; Navigation Equipment Operation Manuals; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to radio navigation and ATC radar services.
2. Demonstrates the ability to use an airborne electronic navigation system.
3. Locates the helicopter’s position using the navigation system.
4. Intercepts and tracks a given course, radial or bearing, as appropriate.
5. Recognizes and describes the indication of station or waypoint passage if appropriate.
6. Recognizes signal loss and takes appropriate action.
7. Uses proper communication procedures when utilizing radar services.
8. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and headings ±15°.
C. TASK: DIVERSION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to diversion.
2. Selects an appropriate alternate airport or heliport and route.
3. Promptly, diverts toward the alternate airport or heliport.
4. Makes an accurate estimate of heading, groundspeed, arrival time, and fuel consumption to the alternate airport or heliport.
5. Maintains the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and established heading, ±15°.
D. TASK: LOST PROCEDURES
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to lost procedures.
2. Selects an appropriate course of action.
3. Maintains an appropriate heading and climbs, if necessary.
4. Identifies prominent landmark(s).
5. Uses navigation systems/facilities and/or contacts an ATC facility for assistance as appropriate.
6. Plans a precautionary landing if deteriorating weather and/or fuel exhaustion is impending.
VIII. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
NOTE: TASKs F through I are knowledge only TASKs.
A. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT A HOVER
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at a hover.
2. Determines that the terrain below the aircraft is suitable for a safe touchdown.
3. Performs autorotation from a stationary or forward hover into the wind at recommended altitude, and RPM, while maintaining established heading, ±10°.
4. Touches down with minimum sideward movement, and no rearward movement.
5. Exhibits orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
B. TASK: POWER FAILURE AT ALTITUDE
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
NOTE: Simulated power failure at altitude shall be given over areas where actual touchdowns can safely be completed in the event of an actual powerplant failure.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power failure at altitude.
2. Establishes an autorotation and selects a suitable landing area.
3. Establishes proper aircraft trim and autorotation airspeed, ±5 knots.
4. Maintains rotor RPM within normal limits.
5. Compensates for windspeed and direction as necessary to avoid undershooting or overshooting the selected landing area.
6. Terminates approach with a power recovery at a safe altitude when directed by the examiner.
C. TASK: SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to causes, indications, and pilot actions for various systems and equipment malfunctions.
2. Analyzes the situation and takes action, appropriate to the helicopter used for the practical test, in at least three of the following areas—
a. engine/oil and fuel.
b. hydraulic, if applicable.
c. electrical.
d. carburetor or induction icing.
e. smoke and/or fire.
f. flight control/trim.
g. pitot static/vacuum and associated flight instruments, if applicable.
h. rotor and/or antitorque.
i. various frequency vibrations and the possible components that may be affected.
j. any other emergency unique to the helicopter flown.
D. TASK: SETTLING-WITH-POWER
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to settling-with-power.
2. Selects an altitude that will allow recovery to be completed no less than 1,000 feet AGL or, if applicable, the manufacturer’s recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Promptly recognizes and recovers at the onset of settling-withpower.
4. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure.
E. TASK: LOW ROTOR RPM RECOVERY
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; Appropriate Manufacturer’s Safety Notices; POH/RFM.
NOTE: The examiner may test the applicant orally on this TASK if helicopter used for the practical test has a governor that cannot be disabled.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low rotor RPM recovery, including the combination of conditions that are likely to lead to this situation.
2. Detects the development of low rotor RPM and initiates prompt corrective action.
3. Utilizes the appropriate recovery procedure.
F. TASK: ANTITORQUE SYSTEM FAILURE
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to anit-torque system failure by describing: a. The aerodynamic indications of the types of possible system failure(s) associate with the helicopter.
b. Manufacturers recommended procedures for dealing with the different types of system(s) failure.
G. TASK: DYNAMIC ROLLOVER
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the aerodynamics of dynamic rollover.
2. Understands the interaction between the antitorque thrust, crosswind, slope, CG, cyclic, and collective pitch control in contributing to dynamic rollover.
3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs, landings, and slope operations.
H. TASK: GROUND RESONANCE
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the- elements related to a fully articulated rotor system and the aerodynamics of ground resonance.
2. Understands the conditions that contribute to ground resonance.
3. Explains preventive flight technique during takeoffs and landings.
I. TASK: LOW G CONDITIONS
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to low G conditions.
2. Understands and recognizes the situations that contribute to low G conditions.
3. Explains proper recovery procedures.
J. TASK: EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to the helicopter environment encountered during flight.
2. Identifies appropriate equipment that should be aboard the helicopter.
IX. AREA OF OPERATION: NIGHT OPERATION
A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21, FAA-H-8083-25; AIM; POH/AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night operations by explaining:
1. Physiological aspects of night flying as it relates to vision.
2. Lighting systems identifying airports/helioports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, and pilot controlled lighting.
3. Helicopter lighting systems.
4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.
5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.
6. Safety precautions and emergencies unique to night flying.
X. AREA OF OPERATION: POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. TASK: AFTER LANDING AND SECURING
REFERENCES: FAA-H-8083-21; POH/RFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing, parking and securing procedures
2. Minimizes the hazardous effects of rotor downwash during hovering.
3. Parks in an appropriate area, considering the safety of nearby persons and property.
4. Follows the appropriate procedure for engine shutdown.
5. Completes the appropriate checklist.
6. Conducts an appropriate postflight inspection and secures the aircraft.
と、まぁーこんな感じです
パッと見スゲーー多いって感じる方もいるかもしれませんが、やってみるとそんなでもないと思います
REFERENCESする本もPDFでFAA様が提供しているので、独学でも結構イケるかもです
免許を取って一緒に飛びましょう♪
参考： Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge >>> here
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